Diagram – Vocabulary

Sequency Words

“First,” or “First of all,” to introduce the initial stage or step.
“Next,” to move on to the subsequent point or stage in the process.
“Then,” to continue the sequence after the initial or next step.
“After that,” to indicate what happens following a particular step.
“Following this,” to describe what comes after a specific point in a sequence.
“The final stage,” or “Finally,” to introduce the last step in a process.
“Once …” as a way to begin a new part of the sequence after a certain condition is met.
“The next step,” to proceed to the subsequent stage.
“The process begins with,” to start describing how a process initiates.
“The first step,” to outline the very beginning of a process.
“… and then …” to continue describing subsequent actions or stages.
“Before the last step,” to mention what happens just before the final stage.
“The last step,” to indicate the final part of the process.

Verb Forms

Imperative (Command) Form: Used for giving instructions or directions, e.g., “Heat the oil or butter in a pan.”
Passive Simple Present: Describes current or habitual actions performed on the subject, not by the subject, e.g., “The eggs are beaten until they become frothy.”
Passive Modal Verbs: Indicate necessity or possibility, e.g., “The oil should be changed in your car.”
Active Simple Present: Describes general truths or habits, e.g., “An adult butterfly emerges from its cocoon.”
Present Perfect Passive: Refers to actions completed at an unspecified time in the past, e.g., “The paper has been signed by the president.”
Present Continuous Passive: Describes ongoing actions in the present, e.g., “The machine is being cleaned at the moment.”
Present Simple + Infinitive: Describes a sequence where one action follows another, e.g., “The first step is to take the patient’s temperature.”
Present Perfect or Past Simple Passive: Used for actions completed at a definite time, e.g., “The process has been approved by the committee.”
Will + Infinitive: Refers to future actions or promises, e.g., “The seeds will be planted in the spring.”
‘To be’ + Infinitive: Used to describe a necessary following action, e.g., “The mixture is to be stirred for five minutes.”
Present Passive Mixed: Combines present passive forms for describing ongoing processes, e.g., “The ingredients are mixed and then the dough is left to rise.”

Signal Words for Alternative Steps:

“If… then”: Used to indicate that one step will follow if a certain condition is met.
“Alternatively”: Suggests another option or step.
“Either… or”: Presents two possibilities, where one of two outcomes can occur.
“At this point”: Signifies a particular stage in a process.
“Next”: Indicates the following step or stage.
“Alternatively, if…”: Introduces an optional step that may happen under certain conditions.
“The next step”: Refers to the subsequent action in the sequence.
“Alternatively, D3 might occur”: Implies another possible outcome that could happen instead of the previous step.