Task 2 – Problem Resolution Essay: Vocabulary

Causes

UNCERTAINTY ABOUT CAUSES

INTRODUCING CAUSES

Giving reasons and examples

CAUSE → EFFECT

therefore / consequently Many drivers lack proper training; therefore, they don’t know what to do in an emergency.
so Sometimes drivers use their cell phones, so they are too distracted to avoid dangerous situations.
as a result Sometimes drivers use their cell phones; as a result, they are too distracted to avoid dangerous situations.
results in / accounts for Equipment failure also plays a role. For example, a loss of brakes results in accidents.
causes / leads to / gives rise to / is responsible for Bad weather conditions in winter lead to an increase in the number of accidents on the roads.

EFFECT ← CAUSE

because / since The most important cause of traffic accidents is excessive speed. Because they are traveling so fast, drivers don’t have time to react.
due to / because of / owing to Tiredness is a common cause of traffic accidents. Last year, 50 per cent of accidents were due to drivers not taking frequent breaks whilst driving.
is/are caused by Poor weather conditions, such as icy roads, may also play a role. In the winter, many accidents are caused by icy roads.

Introducing and Proposing Solutions

Verbs

Modal verbs

Nouns

Examples

I recommend that young drivers be required to take an additional motorway driving test before they get their driving licence.
My recommendation is that the following steps be taken.
I suggest that the government do this right away.
I propose that the government identify dangerous roads and fix the problems. Manufacturers should build safer vehicles.
Laws requiring seat belts must be enforced.